The industry dedicated to the extraction and processing of mineral resources is known as mining.

Mining is probably the oldest activity in human history, even older than agriculture and livestock farming, as our ancestors, while still nomadic, used mineral resources to create weapons for hunting animals or for ornamental purposes.

Mineral resources are elements distributed throughout the Earth’s crust, and due to various geological processes, they accumulate in certain areas, forming mineral deposits. These deposits are located, exploited, and processed to varying degrees in order to obtain the raw materials necessary for the development of society.

Within mineral resources, four groups stand out: energy minerals, metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, and water. Each mineral has its own characteristic properties, as well as its value and usefulness to humanity.

Recursos naturales e historia

GEOLOGIA Y MATERIAS PRIMAS

Energy Resources

Fossil Fuels

  • Coal

  • Petroleum

  •  Natural Gas

  • Others (oil sands, oil shale)

Nuclear Fuels

  • Uranium

  • Thorium

Metallic Minerals

Ferrous Metals/Ferroalloys

E.g.: Iron/steel, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, manganese, chromium, boron, etc.

Base Metals

E.g.: Aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, and tin.

Minor and Specialty Metals

E.g.: Lithium, tantalum, arsenic, cobalt, etc.

Rare Earth Elements

E.g.: Cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, ytterbium, yttrium, scandium, thulium, and promethium.

Precious Metals

E.g.: Gold, silver, platinum group metals.

Non-Metallic Minerals

Industrial Minerals

E.g.: Special clays (bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite), kaolin, celestite, feldspar, fluorite, natural sodium sulphate (glauberite-thenardite), mica, magnesite, etc.

Construction Minerals

E.g.: Limes, gypsum, clays, cement, aggregates, natural stone or ornamental rock (slate, granite, marble), etc.

Precious Stones

E.g.: Diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, etc.

A continuación, podrás conocer más de la mano de las entidades que conforman el proyecto y la fundación: